Welcome to OO - RDF feed
type: channel
description: Fast Uncompromising Discussions.
items: OT Theology Notes
items: OT Theology Introduction
items: Revelation and Inspiration
items: The OT Doctrine of God
items: The OT Doctrine of God #2
items: Doctrine of God #3
items: Doctrine of God #4
items: The Doctrine of God #5
items: Man and His Sin
items: Man and His Sin #2
items: The Doctrine of Sin
items: The Doctrine of Propitiation
items: Doctrine of Atonement
items: Imputation
items: Necessity for the Blood Atonement
items: The Spirit World
items: The Spirit World : Demonology
items: The Spirit World : Spiritualism
items: The Spirit World : Satan
items: The Spirit World : The Angel of the Lord
items: Ritualism
items: Ritualism # 2
items: The Doctrine of Sacrifice
items: The Doctrine of Sacrifice # 2
items: The doctrine of Sacrifice # 3
items: Doctrine of Sacrifice #4
items: doctrine of Sacrifice # 5
items: Doctrine of Sacrifice # 6
items: Docrtine of Sacrifice # 7
items: Doctrine of Sacrifice # 8
items: The Vov / Nazaritism
items: Purification
items: The Oath and Taxes
items: Designations of the Sacred Times and Seasons
items: Designations of the Sacred Times and Seasons # 2
items: Judaism
items: ]The Literary Productions of the Exile
items: Idolatry in Israel
items: The Kingdom of God in the OT
items: Election of Israel
items: Covenant
items: Doctrine of the Messiah
items: Eschatology
items: The OT Doctrine of the Future Life

OT Theology Notes
type: item
description: My notes here from Dr. Freemans OT theology course. A lot of the info here is covered in more detail under Biblical Theology ie: inspiration/revelation/historical theories/ views of the atonement etc. The notes here only cover the info from an ancient Hebrew perspective. Old Testament Theology Outline A/ Introduction B/ Revelation and Inspiration C/ The Doctrine of God D/ The Theology of Man E/ The Doctrine of Sin F/ The Spirit World G/ The Tabernacle H/ The Doctrine of Sacrifice I/ The Offerings J/ The Sacrifices K/ The Vow Nazaritism and Purification's L/ Oaths and Taxes M/ Sacred Seasons N/ Judaism O/ Literature in Israel P/ Idolatry in Israel Q/ Prophetism R/ God's Sovereignty S/ Theocracy T/ Doctrine of the Messiah U/ Eschatology
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T18:02:34-00:00

OT Theology Introduction
type: item
description: INTRODUCTION Reasons for the Study of Old Testament Theology 1/ Because of the vital distinction between Old Testament Theology and Christian Theology. a) OT theology limits itself exclusively to the books of the OT b) The interpretation and understanding of OT religious and theological concepts will be always from the point of view of the Hebrew mind in the OT dispensation. You have to consciously avoid reading back into the OT your understanding of the NT revelations c) OT theology is by its very nature incomplete as its full meaning is revealed in Christ. d) The difference between OT & NT is not that the same truths aren't found in both but in the OT they are in a less degree of development. The OT is as good an authority for a truth or teaching or doctrine as the NT if we don't go beyond that dispensations revelation. 11 Tim 3/16-17 2/ Because of the importance of Old Testament Theology. a) The OT was the bible of the early church b) The OT was the only religious document in the world that taught an exclusive monotheism. Duet 6/4 c) The ethical teachings of the prophets are still the inspiration and moral life of the church. d) The OT was constantly used by Jesus and the disciples. Matt 4- he rebuked the devil with it. -he used the OT to announce himself being messiah- to authenticate his teaching e) The OT saints including Jesus and the apostles never looked at the OT as a shape of things to come- it was adequate for the dispensation it served in. f) The disciples constantly refer to the OT - selecting a successor to Judas (Acts 1) - explaining Pentecost (Acts 2) - showing the sufferings death and resurrection of Messiah (Acts 3/18) - extending the gospel to the gentiles (Acts 15/14-17) g) The entire OT is a foundation to the NT h) Jesus sacrifice is meaningless without the OT i) The book of Hebrews can't be interpreted without the OT revelation of priesthood, sacrifice, covenant law, atonement j) Much of the symbolism in the book of Revelation is built on Dani…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T18:09:53-00:00

Revelation and Inspiration
type: item
description: REVELATION AND INSPIRATION IN THE OLD TESTAMENT Revelation The Purpose of Old Testament Revelation (Or Gods purpose in revealing himself to Israel) 1/ Exodus 19/1-6 a) so they would be Gods own possession b) a Kingdom of Priests c) a holy nation Exodus 19/7- rest of the book Following a 3 day fast the rest of the revelation was given. It started with the 10 commandments and went into the whole system of Law/ priesthood/ temple/sacrifice/ substitutionary atonement. 2/ the means whereby a sinful and unholy nation or people can be cleansed and a fit habitation for God to dwell among them. The Media of Revelation in the Old Testament 1/ Revelation in nature. Many heathen nations worshipped the sun stars etc. its called nature worship. The OT revelation was that the God of Israel stands behind creation as its author& sustainer & controller. He uses nature to reveal something of himself. His nature and his glory. Duet. 17/3-5 11 Kings 17/16 Jeremiah 8/2 Ezek. 8/16 Deut.4/15-19 Nature worship is forbidden. In the OT nature is designed as an arena for the revelation of Gods existence & glory. Ps. 8 Ps.19/1 Job 38. Gods power is revealed in nature Ps. 138 Ps 104 Rom. 1 speaks of this revelation being perverted by man. 2/ Natural or General Revelation Psalm 19/1-2 This is a supernatural revelation of God to humanity. It speaks to every group language nation and person. God has revealed something of himself through nature to man. It is quite limited as it cannot lead a sinner to repentance as that takes special revelation. A person can look at nature and see there is a creator. They can see something of his nature ie. his goodness (he provided sun and rain) and his wisdom in putting it together. God has revealed himself to man. a) through nature Ps. 19 b) through providence Ps. 104 & Acts 14/ 13-17 c) through conscience Man perverts everything God gives him. Jer.10 2/26-28 Isaiah 40/18-20 What is the value of Natural Revelation a) a revelation of Gods existence Isaiah 40/26,28…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T18:16:02-00:00

The OT Doctrine of God
type: item
description: THE DOCTRINE OF GOD IN THE OLD TESTAMENT Concepts of God Animism The concept that there is no such thing as inanimate objects. everything in nature is alive. The term comes from the word animate. Polytheism The belief in and worship of many Gods. Often the personification of nature. Henotheism The belief in one supreme God among many Gods. One supreme God for each nation. Monolatry The worship of one god among many Idolatry a) Idolatry - The personification of God in a man made object and the worship of it as sacred b) Fetishism - any object regarded as sacred Monotheism The belief in and worship of the one and only God who as creator and sustainer of all things and revealed himself as Yahveh to Israel. The Divine Nature 1.God's Existence a) Assumed by the Old Testament. Gen.1/1, Ps.14/1 The question of Gods existence is not even raised in the OT. Prior to Moses leaving Egypt both Israel & Egypt believed in many Gods. The question is: Is there only one true God? That revelation came to them in Duet. 6/4 Gen.1/1 This denies Atheism as it assumes the existence of God and denies polytheism. It denies dualism (matter & spirit are both eternal) It denies pantheism (everything is god & god is everything) Gen.1/1 asserts that God is before all things and apart from all things. b)Gods existence is revealed by him in Nature Ps.14/1, Ps.8, Ps.104, Ps.135, Ps.33, Ps. 136, Ps. 96, Isaiah 40/21-22, Rom 1/18-23 c) Gods existence is revealed in the OT by his mighty acts The flood. everyone laughed until it began to rain. / Plaques of Egypt / Exodus from Egypt / parting of the Red Sea Psalm 14/1 God doesn't deal with them at all. Just calls them fools. 2. The Unicity of God (or unity) The Oneness of God was the fundamental distinguishing mark of Israels religion which set it apart from all the other religions of the world. Deut.6/4, Is 43/10, Is. 45/5, Ex.20/2-3, Ex.22/20 The origin of Israel's monotheism The Critical View . . . Israels religion came out of polytheism. It evolved f…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T18:20:20-00:00

The OT Doctrine of God #2
type: item
description: 4. The Spirit of God Question . . . What is the Spirit of God conceived to be in the OT in view of the fact that the OT continually stresses that God is one. Would he be conceived as personal or merely power that comes on man or wisdom that comes from God. Is it merely the life principle bestowed on living things? Answer is at the end of the Spirit of God section. The Hebrew term – "ruach" We are not looking at how it is used of God but only its usage in the OT. a) Its literal usage - spirit wind or breath spirit Isaiah 42/5 wind Ex. 10/13, Gen. 8/1 breath Job 15/30, Lam.4/20 (the NT Gr. word (pneuma) means exactly t6he same thing. (wind or spirit) b) Metaphoric usage A metaphor is a figure of speech to show a resemblance - fortress Ps.91/2 - anger or fury poured out 11Sam. 22/16 - signifying the presence of God Gen.3/8 c) Its usage as a synonym. - one term used for another Gen.2/7 breath here is a synonym for Gods Spirit. Breath of the mouth stands for the Spirit of God. All through the creation account God speaks as in a divine fiat & calls into existence. The wind or breath as words of his mouth are synonymous with Gods Spirit. d) Spirit means "life principle" The life principle in man & animals Zech.12/1, Eccl.12/7 e) the term Ruach has reference to God himself Gen. 1/2 Ruach of God Isaiah 61/1 Isaiah 11/2 Ruach of Yahveh Ps.51/11 the Holy Spirit Is.63/10-11 his Holy Spirit Gen 6/3 my spirit Ezek. 26/37 my spirit Activities of the Holy Spirit in the OT 1/ The Cosmic sphere or sphere of creation a) Gods creative power was expressed through his Spirit by bringing order out of chaos Gen.1/1-2 b) All that lives in the world has its life by the Spirit because God sends forth life by the Spirit Ps.104/30 When he takes away his Spirit they die. Ps. 104/29 In creation & providence the Spirit of God is seen to be creator & sustainer 2/ In the Sphere of Life.- Biological & Spiritual life Gen 2/7 The breath of life has a twofold meaning a) the life principle breathed into …
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T18:20:59-00:00

Doctrine of God #3
type: item
description: THE DIVINE ATTRIBUTES 1. The Holiness of God a) The Terms. "Qadesh" Hebrew- to be set apart , dedicated, consecrated The English word is holy. The derived meanings are holiness & sacredness. The word in the root meaning is sanctified or apartness. The term for holy is used in a moral & non-moral sense in the OT. The term occurs in heathen literature as well. b) The Non-moral usage in the Heathen cultures. The term has a magical usage and designated certain places persons & objects as taboo. They were set apart from secular usage. In its heathen usage it referred to to things that belonged to the gods or kings that no one else could touch. They were separate or set apart. In the bible the word Kadesh was a sodomite & a Kadesha was a prostitute. They were anything but holy but the word means "set apart" It is the same word as holy but it was translated according to its context. 1 Kings 1/24, 15/12 22/25, Deut 23/17 c) Ceremonial use of the term. This is to be distinguished from the moral use of the term. Objects and persons are holy because of their association with the holy God. Because God was holy everything seen in relation to him was holy. Objects in the temple were holy because of their relationship to God. The Nazarite (Num.6/8) was holy because of he was separated & consecrated to God. His inward moral holiness was a completely separate issue. d) The moral usage of Holy. We want to to look at how it is used in scripture in relation to God so we can determine its derived meaning. With reference to God it means " his otherness, his separateness,his divine transcendence" 1 Sam. 2/2, Job 25/4-6, Hosea 11/9 The term "Holy" so exclusively belongs to God it becomes a synonym for his name. Isaiah 6, 40/25 The basic meaning of holiness is to sanctify or set apart. In relation to God it must mean more than that as it is used of a God who is righteous & holy. Therefore the word does speak of his inner character. Lev. 19/1 So in reference to God it does have a derived mea…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T18:38:13-00:00

Doctrine of God #4
type: item
description: The Divine Attributes THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD The root meaning of righteousness in the bible is to be straight. a) In a moral sense it means uprightness. A state of being right. It also means conformity to a proper standard or norm. That is the basic Old Testament meaning. It is the standard by which we are measured. Gods righteousness is his own moral holiness and perfection which is the standard for all men. Deut. 32/4, Ps.11/7, Amos 5/24 b) In a non-moral sense it indicates it is conformity to an acceptable standard ie: righteous weights and measures Ezek.46/10-12, Dan.25/15 Sacrifices of righteousness conformed to a revealed acceptable standard. Ps.51/19, Ps.4/5 Righteous conduct is conduct according to Gods revealed standards. c) Righteousness is not simply an abstract moral principle the Hebrew righteousness was a righteous act or event. Not something in the abstract. A righteous man performed righteous acts and lived righteously. Ps.106/3, Isaiah 58/2, Ezek. 18/21-22, Gen 18/19, 1 Sam.12/7-8, Isaiah 1/27, Isaiah 47/12-13 d) Righteousness is also expressed in judgment. In this sense it is expressed as justice. Gen.18/25 God is called the supreme judge. Righteousness is the standard by which he governs the world. It is also the standard by which he requires us to live. It will be the standard by which he judges the world. Ps.9/7-8 e) Righteousness and justice are two sides of God's holiness. Justice carries with it the idea of absolute fairness based on a standard of righteousness. Righteousness demands absolute conformity to Gods standard and justice visits all non-conformity with punishment. The terms carry with them a sense of absolute fairness and in that sense it is his justice. The LOVE OF GOD The terms. Ahabah -love Hessed- mercy or loving kindness The distinction between the terms. Hessed is always conditioned upon there being a covenant. Ahabah is unconditional love in the OT. Old Testament usage of the terms. Ahabah has only to do with the will of th…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T18:39:45-00:00

The Doctrine of God #5
type: item
description: The NAMES OF GOD Significance of Names in Hebrew. a) Descriptive Among the Hebrews a name was never merely a tittle but often descriptive. Of the nature character, appearance, or function of a person place or thing. - Esau- means hairy - the dead sea was called the salt sea - Eve was named after her function ie: the mother of all living. - Obed means servant b) Names represent some relationship - Simon Barjona- the son of Jona - a spiritual relationship- Jedediah (Solomon) means beloved of the Lord. - geographical relationship.- Zerrubabal born in Babel (Babylon) - pious parents would compound the name with Gods Jo-el, Yahveh is my God Dan-ial God is my judge Eli-jah my God is Yahveh c) Names may express piety, sorrow, grief, joy or hope. Phinehas named her son Ichabod - inglorious Rachel named her son benomi. son of my sorrow (Benjamin) Isaiah -Salvation is of Yah or the Lord. d) Names were sometimes give to express thanks, gratitude, or praise Ishmael - God hears e) Sometimes they were peronomastic. eg. a play on words. Naomi- pleasant She changed her own name to Marah- bitter Nabel- word means fool Jacob- means supplanter f) Sometimes names are prophetic. Isaiah's children: Shearjashub- a remnant shall return / MahershahalHashbaz - the spoil speeds and the prey hastens (quick to the plunder and swift to the spoil) - means their enemies would quickly spoil them. One name reflected hope & the other judgment prophetically. Hosea's children : Jezreel - God sows (judgment) / LoAmmi- not my people - LoRuhamah- not pitied In The NT the word Christ is the Hebrew Messiah- means anointed one. The Divine Names and their meaning a) El. Translated God. A common name used throughout the middle east by Semitic peoples. Being a common name it is used of false gods as well. Ps.81/9, Duet 32/12 The word means "the strong one". It occurs about 300 times in the OT. It is often combined with other words to make names. ie: Isra el, Dani el, Jo el When the term is used of God it has th…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T18:58:35-00:00

Man and His Sin
type: item
description: Man and His sin The Origin and Nature of Man in the Old Testament The OT gives man a special place of value and dignity. Because in the beginning God created us in the image and likeness of God. In the OT man is portrayed with a vivid realism. in his 1st test he fails / Cain kills Abel / The flood because of evil / Destroyed in Moses desert -over & over sold into slavery in the promised land The OT shows that man is not only what God made him but what he made himself : a sinner! Terms for man a) Adam the word means Adams name. It also has a generic use which means man or mankind. The word comes from a Heb. root that means red "Adom" - Adomah- Heb. is land ground soil earth - Edom red, soil earth. The area in the middle east known as Edom is all red sandstone God made man out of the red soil hence the name Adam was given to "man" and when applied to 'that man" it meant his name. b) Esh man masc. ; Eshah feminine. Gen.2/23 c) Esh- man sometimes used of God - man of war. esh of war. d) Enosh ( also the name of Seth's son Gen. 4/26) man or mankind in his mortality. -frail weak mortal subject to death. Job 25/6 Why call him Enosh? He is expressing that man is mortal. This term Enosh is never used of the messiah in the OT. Dan.7/13 being the supposed exception where it simply means "like" the son of man. Identifying with us. e) Giver. the opposite of Enosh. A strong & heroic man. ie; David Mainly used poetically. The Psychology of the Hebrew The OT is filled with references to the body and parts of it that have spiritual and moral significance. The body The nephesh. The spirit. The heart. The inward parts. Psychology The body. Heb. geviggah Gen.47/18 used of a living human body 1 Sam. 31/10 used of a dead body Heb. Basar. flesh. A more common term. This word lends itself to a more comprehensive use. - Lev.14/9 it is equates with the body - Is. 58/7 it can refer to blood relations - Num.16/22 It is used of all mankind - Gen.7 it is used of the animals It also has a ethical…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T19:07:46-00:00

Man and His Sin #2
type: item
description: The Spirit. Gen. 2/7 The body plus the spirit makes a living nephesh. a) Lev.17/14 The blood is the nephesh of the basar. The blood is the life of the body. Not the life of the person. Without blood your body would die. b) The life of the person is not in the nephesh .The soul of the person results from the impartation of life to the body. Once it comes into existence it is immortal. After Adam it happens at conception. In the NT the soul always meant the life of the person or the person himself. Heb. Ruach- spirit breath wind In the OT the context determined which word is used. a) It stands for the life principle. The animation in man and animals b) It stands for disposition, temperament, attitudes Prov. 16/18 a haughty spirit / Prov.29/23 a humble spirit / Prov.14/29 a patient spirit Ps. 51/17 a contrite spirit / Gen.45/17 a synonym for animation Joshua 5/1 2/11 courage / Judges 15/19 strength Isaiah 11/2 sometimes used for mental endowment / Ex.28/3 a spirit of wisdom Prov.17/27 a prudent spirit / Job 20/3 an understanding spirit You have to make a distinction between soul and spirit but occasionally the spirit express emotions (anger,hate). The spirit is not the seat of the emotions and speaking of the spirit in relation to the emotions is to speak of ones temperament or disposition When the spirit is used to express emotions it is used to express the attitude of the nephesh. It is the person who is angry but it can be expressed as a spirit of anger. The spirit also stands for the life principle. The spirit comes from God. He is the source Zech.12/1 Eccl.12/7 It is sustained by God. Job 10/12 It can be designated the spirit of life and thus it is the life principle. It can be expressed just as easily spirit of life as breath of life. Gen.6/17, Gen.7/15. It is translated breath but the word used is spirit. Ezek.37/5 breath is spirit. Breath is just air and should be translated spirit. We're saying it is spirit not breath because at death the spirit leaves not bre…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T19:15:05-00:00

The Doctrine of Sin
type: item
description: THE DOCTRINE OF SIN Why study it. a) It is in the OT that sin is introduced to the human race b) The consequences of sin are shown here c) The remedy for it is shown here. Typified in the OT sacrifices. The Biblical view of Man a) Man has great dignity conferred on him by being created in the image of God b) Man is also portrayed as a sinner. The Liberal view of Man a) He is not morally depraved but merely misguided. He needs education to straighten him out. Sin is merely a stumble in his upward evolution. b)Since finite man cannot sin infinitely then infinite hell & punishment in an eternal hell is impossible. c) Man is inherently good. The conclusion In both OT & NT the relationship between God & man because of sin is absolute alienation. Gen 3 God cursed man. Ps. 58/3, Ps. 14/1-3, Ex.23/7, Ex. 34/7 Jer. 17/9 The Nature of Sin & Guilt in the OT It falls into 5 classes depending on the term used. a) Chata- to miss the mark or goal. This is the common word for sin in the OT. It includes sin against sin against God or man. This term signifies the objective act of sin ie. ones conduct, disobeying God. Gen. 40/1, 42/1 b) Rasha- to be wicked. It expresses the inner character of the sinner. Also indicates an unregenerate man. a saint in the OT can sin but he is never called Rasha. The term usually denotes one who is guilty of a crime or who is disobedient & deserves punishment with the cause of it in himself. ie: he is wicked Dan.12/10 c) Avah- To bend or twist- to pervert. This term speaks of the perverted inner character of the the wicked. Prov. 12/8, Jer. 23/31 d) Asham- denotes the state of the sinner before the law. He trespasses or is guilty. The term signifies liability & guilt to punishment through transgression of the law. The term is legal in character e) pasha - The wilful rejection of Gods will and the refusal to obey him. The Jew viewed the whole OT as the law and viewed sin as not merely an error in judgment or merely missing the mark. But this term describ…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T19:18:22-00:00

The Doctrine of Propitiation
type: item
description: The Doctrine of Propitiation Introduction Propitiation: Understanding the meaning of propitiation (which is the appeasing of Gods wrath to sin) is absolutely essential to understanding the biblical meaning of atonement which brings salvation. Having studied the biblical teaching concerning wrath we need to understand how to get or keep his wrath off us. We have to accept the fact that Gods wrath (mentioned 580 times in the OT) is real and directed against sin and sinners and propitiation is the means of appeasing that wrath. The death of an animal substitute signifies that something must be horribly wrong with man that requires such a sacrifice. The Linguistic (or language) Basis of Propitiation. The effects of OT sacrifice including the death of Christ is 3/fold. Designated in scripture as . . .- a covering for sin - which propitiates the wrath of God - which results in a reconciliation between God and man Greek and Hebrew terms. Hebrew Kippur (verb) to Cover the derived meaning is to appease Gods wrath. The KJV translates it "atonement". NT Greek & Septuagint Hilaskomaia (verb) to appease or propitiate Hilasmos (noun)- propitiation Katallage -reconciliation. Lit. to change In classical Greek Katallage meant to change a persons enmity into friendship. Hillasmos in classical Greek meant to propitiate an offended deity by means of sacrifice. In the Septuagint the Heb. scholars who knew both Heb & Gr. selected Hilasmos to translate Kippur. The NASV correctly translates these terms Heb.2/17,1 John 2/2, 4/10, Rom.3/25 Significance of the Hebrew term. The significance of the term Kippur is that it is used by God to describe the effect of the sacrifice. - with respect to sin it was a covering - with respect to God it was a propitiation - with respect to man it effected reconciliation The significance of the term Propitiation is that on the day of Yom Kippur the blood of sacrifice was brought to the Holy of Holies & sprinkled on the "mercy seat"- Heb. "the covering" It was…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T19:26:57-00:00

Doctrine of Atonement
type: item
description: The Doctrine of Atonement in the Old Testament For the purposes of this study we will use the English term "atonement" and mean by it a covering which propitiates the wrath of God Historical Theories The Patristic Period. a) The Recapitulation Theory. The view of Irenaeus - Christ recapitulated (summed up) all mans experience. He was an infant boy & man like we are. He was emphasizing identification (but not like the Liberals do) He identified with us perfectly and then died on our behalf. b) The Ransom Theory. He presented his life a ransom for us. to buy us back The Medieval Period. a) The Satisfaction Theory. He satisfied Gods wrath against sin. b) The Moral Influence Theory. Abelard's View. His death influences us morally c) The Merit Theory. Thomas Aquinas view. A treasury of merit is stored up by Jesus and us and we can access it. The Reformation Period. a) The Socinian or Example Theory. He was just a good man. His death is an example for us. b) The Government Theory. The atonement satisfies divine government. c) The Penal substitutionary Theory. It s a death by punishment in substitution for sinners. The Modern Period. a) The Mystical Theory. He had the consciousness of God in him. We should strive for that. b) The Vicarious Penitence Theory. Christ repented for us by his death on the cross. Question is how can someone repent for another? c) The Vicarious Sacrificial Theory of Horace Bushnell. Just the basic liberal view d) Neo-Orthodox view In this modern period Neo-Orthodoxy emphasizes the incarnation of Christ and minimizes his death and therefore God redeems man by identification The Theological Meaning of the word Atonement The English term "atonement." Some say it means at-one-ment. Restoration of man and God The intended meaning is “a covering which propitiates the wrath of God” The Subject and Object of Atonement a) The object: The object is sin. Lev.4/33-35. It covers his sin. The blood covers the sin from the sight of God. Micah 7/19 The same idea …
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T20:13:25-00:00

Imputation
type: item
description: The concept of Imputation Terms for imputation a) Heb. Chashav - to think, to reckon, to impute Gen.15/6 b) Heb. Saval: to bare Isaiah 53/4 c) Heb. Nasa: to carry Isaiah 53/4 Imputation : definition That which is placed or charged to ones account. In theology it means to attribute vicariously something to another. Theologically imputation means : a) to charge the consequences of Adams sin to his posterity ie: physical and spiritual death & alienation from God b) to charge the righteousness of Christ to a believers account. You can't make a believer righteous but you can count him righteous c) to charge the guilt and punishment of sinners & sin to Christ. This does not imply a transfer of moral qualities but rather a transfer of legal merit & demerit to Christ. Imputation in the Bible means: a) to charge to the account of persons things which properly belong to them. So to impute sin in this sense is to charge guilt upon the guilty. Lev.17/1-4, Ps. 32/2 b) It means to charge to a persons account things which do not properly belong to him. In this sense it is charged to Christ. This is the meaning of 11 Cor.5/21. Righteousness in 11 Cor.5.2 cannot mean intrinsic purity because Rom. 3/10 says we're not. Conversely it cannot mean our sin was imputed to him intrinsically only legally. Intrinsic meaning "not naturally" or "its not natural to us" The bible doesn't say we are righteous but it says we are counted righteous. The scriptures do not refer to an actual transfer of sin & guilt to Christ but a legal transfer. The scriptures set forth 3 aspects to imputation a) The imputation of Adams guilt to the human race.1 Cor. 15/22, Rom.5 b) The imputation of our guilt & punishment upon Christ Is. 53/5-6 c) The imputation of the righteousness of God to the believer. Our only hope since we aren't righteous is by faith in Christ we receive his righteousness. This is prior to conversion. After conversion we have a new nature made in righteousness. Rom.3/10 with Rom.3/20-22. One G…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T20:14:10-00:00

Necessity for the Blood Atonement
type: item
description: The Necessity for the Blood Atonement Question: Was the penal substitutionary atonement necessary for us to be redeemed? Or could God have found another way. The answer is at the end of the section Was the shedding of blood necessary? The historical views. All the early church fathers held to the position that the blood atonement was necessary. The central feature of the levitical sacrifice was the sprinkling of the blood on the alter. Lev.17/11, Heb.9/22 (the blood represents the life) e) it is the blood of an infinite God. The critical argument: The critics deny blood atonement saying there were times when atonement was made without shedding blood. Ex.30/16 1/2 shekel given as atonement money. Num. 31/48-54 They gave of the spoils and gave part to make an atonement. Num.16/46 After the rebellion of Korah. Fire as an atonement. Ex.32/30 Moses intercession as an atonement. Reply: The facts as the critics state them are correct. It is their inferences that are incorrect. Heb.9/22 . . . almost all things & without shedding Paul knew the OT that is why he said "almost all things" He knew there were exceptions. the law itself did not forbid God to make a provision for an atonement in some other way when he wanted to. These were exceptional circumstances in the OT that God himself designated. Shekels & jewellery were provided by God for their soul (nephesh) Not as a covering for sin. He isn't dealing with sin here. It also provided for the temple and the priests. Moses intercession & the atonement by fire. There was no sacrifice God would have accepted for those sins and for the nation to survive someone God could accept would have to make atonement. ie: Moses by intercession & Aaron as high priest by fire. God accepted the atonement but didn't just forgive. They spent 40 yrs in the wilderness as punishment. An atonement was made in the sense that Gods wrath was covered To answer our Question: It must be seen that there is no special efficacy in the physical substance bl…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T20:16:22-00:00

The Spirit World
type: item
description: The Spirit World in OT Thought Angels The Terms There are 3 terms used a) Malak - angel or messenger b) Bene Elohim - sons of God Job1/6 c) mighty or mighty ones The Origin of angels a) the critical view. This is very involved but basically Israels religion came out of paganism & angels were really pagan gods. b) The biblical view Yahweh has a royal court & its members are made up of angels cherubim, Seraphim, living creatures and other creations. They are created spiritual beings that minister before him. 1 Kings 22/19, Ps.148/1-5 The OT Idea of Angels a) Mediators Zech. 1/9, Dan. 9/21-2 -The explained the meaning of dreams and visions - They protected and delivered. Heb.1/9 Dan.6/22 - They minister healing - Dan.12/1 in the last days angels will minister deliverance to Israel. b) They are personalities Named as Gabriel & Michael Angels and their Orders a) Gabriel had a ministry of special revelation of God to man He gave Revelation to Danial Dan.8/16, 9/21 as well as Zacharias & Mary. Luke 1/5,19,26 b) Michael. The head of the armies of Heaven. Dan.10/13,21 one of the chief princes Dan.12/1 the great prince Rev.12/7 Michael is stronger than the devil- but Jude 9 he respected the devils authority. c) Ezek 9/2-5 6 angels - one seems to be in charge d) Zech. 2/1-3 The angel is always seen to be a servant of the Angel of the Lord e) concerning rank and authority man is lower than the angels Ps.8/4-5 Characteristics of Angels a) supernatural wisdom 11 Sam.14/17,20 b) They have supernatural powers. - Gen 18 angels but they can eat - Gen 19/12-13 power over the forces of nature - Gen 19 11 power over man - Ps.104/4 They are spiritual beings c) as to their features - Gen.18/2 They often appear in visible form as men - Gen sometimes appear as flame of fire - Invisible to ordinary sight but Prophets and donkeys can see them Num. 2, 11 Kings 6 d) They are supernatural in their strength Ps.103/20 They excel in strength The origin of Angels Ps. 104 God created them Job 38/4-7 …
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T20:55:15-00:00

The Spirit World : Demonology
type: item
description: Demonology in the OT Israel was knowledgeable on the subject. The apostate Israelites in Egypt and in the desert worshipped demons & knew it. Deut. 3/16-17, with 1 Cor 10/20. Evil spirits and their activities are mentioned in many places in the OT. The OT is filled with teaching on the subject & the NT just assumes you know and understand it. There are lying spirits 1 Kings 22/20-23 Job 1-2 There are oppressing spirits 1 Sam.16/14-16,23, 19/9 / occult spirits Deut 18/9-12 / sacrifice & worship of demons Deut 32/16-17 Lev.17/7 Ps. 106 36-38. God is in sovereign control of the kingdom of darkness Habitations of demons Is. 34/14, 13/19-21 Using a medium to consult the dead 1 Sam. 28, Lev. 20/6 Occultism is severely punished in the OT Ex.22/18, Lev. 19/26,31 1 Chron. 10/13-14 In a real sense the OT dispensation continues to the cross. The Jews in the NT prior to the cross were familiar with deliverance and the need of it. Matt. 12/24-27 Exorcism was a common practice in Israel. No explanation was given on either side of the cross. Jews had a deliverance ministry. Acts 19/3 There is nothing to suggest they weren't effective The commission to cast out demons. Matt.10 No explanation is given or why they were present in people. Many of the commands in the mosaic law have reference to the former occult practices of the Israelites. The prohibitions against certain funeral practices. eg cutting yourself cutting hair. Lev.19/27-28. A prohibition against bestiality. (cohabitation with animals) This is not uncommon in occultism and witchcraft. Lev. 19/27-28A prohibition against eating certain foods because of their close connection with the occult snakes, swine, stork, frogs, some birds which dwell in ruins (like demons) crows. You have to get the whole teaching on clean and unclean foods. Nothing is unclean in itself These are religious considerations. Origins of Demons If God had wanted us to know where demons came from he would have told us. The bible just assumes their existe…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T20:58:37-00:00

The Spirit World : Spiritualism
type: item
description: Spiritism (Spiritualism) in the OT Deut. 18/9-12 Spiritism is the name for all these things. Some occult functions overlap. 1/ Witchcraft or Sorcery The Heb. word is sorcery. KJV is witchcraft. (an English term) Keshph – sorcery The Syriac and Arabic form means to cut & pray. To cut refers to cutting your body in religious ceremonies. To pray refers to communication with their heathen gods. A witch can be male or female but it has now come to mean a warlock for a male. A witch is usually a female as mostly women practise it. The Heb. terms for sorceress or sorcerer are definitely male or female. A witches coven is headed by a high priestess sometimes a high priest too but the powerful one is the women. The emphasis on the sorceress or female is the concept of fertility in the female. The concept of the mother goddess is prevalent in all sorcery & witchcraft even today. It is mostly women involved in this. Most fortunetelling is by women. Most water divining is by men. Astrologers have been men throughout history but today it about evenly divided. Nature and Characteristics of Sorcery in the OT a) 1 Sam.28 They consult the dead b) Ex.7/11 They practise magic c) Dan. /2 They interpret dreams d) Jer. 27/9-10 They practise divination e) They use drugs. Throughout history there is the implied use of drugs. It always had a prominent place in occultism but especially in sorcery. There is no verse that says this but it is there indirectly. The Septuagint translates the word for sorcery as pharmacy. Pharmakia. Gal. 5/20 uses this Gr. word. It is translated into English as witchcraft. The point is they use this Gr. Word pharmakia and translate it back to the Heb. meaning of sorcery. Drugs are used in magical rituals as well as for heightened sexual awareness etc. Medical science has its origins in witchcraft & witch doctors. It comes directly out of witchcraft. The use of drugs and hypnosis to heal both physical & mental problems comes directly out of witchcraft. This is why …
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T21:12:12-00:00

The Spirit World : Satan
type: item
description: Satan His Existence and Personality His existence is confirmed because he is mentioned in 6 different books in the OT. Gen.,Job, Isaiah, Ezek., Zech., 1 Chron. Every writer in the NT mentions him. He is a person. A personality. Personal pronouns are used of him. He has the marks of personality.- rational speech Job 1,2 Zech.3, Gen 3 - He has a will and purpose to perform it. Is 14/12-14 His nature - he is a created being Ezek. 28/15 - He is a cherub Ezek. 28/14 - He is of a higher order than the angels Jude 8-9 His Career Before his fall he was found on the holy mountain of God Ezek.28 At present he is in the heavenly regions He has access to Gods throne when God permits it. Job1/7, Zech 3/1 In the millennium he will be bound in the abyss. Rev. 20 In eternity he will be cast into the Lake of fire. His present sphere of activity a) He exercises general control over the entire world. 1John 5/19 to cause as much ruin as possible. b) He exercises political control John 12/31, Luke 4 c) He has ecclesiastical control over all forms of apostate religion. All cults and non christian religion. He even has some influence over some christian churches. 11 Cor. 4/4, 11/13-15 d) He has spiritual control over the whole world not the church but the world. Matt 13/38 John 8/44 The Terms Satan. The word means adversary. The term is also used of men and even God.11 Kngs 5/4, 1 Sam.29/4, 11 Sam.19/22, Ps. 38/20 Num.22/22 God was an adversary to him. As theology and history developed we begin to see him recognized as a personality. In Zech.3/1 we have the words Satan and resist. They are both the same word. In the Heb. one is capitalized and one isn't. The Serpent The question is . . . is Satan a serpent? In both Gen. and Rev. he appears as a serpent. In the occult there are strong references to Satan as a serpent. He is often seen in vision as a serpent. Ezek. 28 shows he is a Cherub not a literal serpent Why is shown as a serpent then? Because it describes his deceiving deceptive and …
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-29T23:58:38-00:00

The Spirit World : The Angel of the Lord
type: item
description: The Angel of the Lord Term: The Heb. term here is Mallack Yahveh. Zech. 1/8-12 This term occurs in many passages in the OT. The question is though to whom does it refer? The context show it is not an angel but deity and the per-incarnate Christ. - Hagar - Gen 16/9-13 vs 13 she called the angel who spoke to her Yahveh. - Gen.18/1-3 vs 1 - Yahweh, vs 3 Adoni -deity - Gen. 19/11-12,18 The angel of the Lord calls himself God - Gen 3/11-13 The angel of the Lord is the God of Bethel - Ex. 3/2-4 the burning bush - Ex.23/20-21 they are commanded to obey him - he has the power to forgive or not forgive. Mark 2 Jesus - Ex. 13/19, 14/21 The angel in the pillar of fire was called God. It was his presence - Joshua 5/13-14 He wouldn't worship an angel. Ground was holy - the presence of deity. The early church believed the angel of the Lord was God as well. Clement of Rome wrote of Moses and Joshua seeing God when he appeared as an angel in the biblical passages. - Judges 2/1 He appeared to Israel - Judges 6/11 Gideon - Judges - parents of Samson - 1 Sam.24/16 - 1 Kings 19 Elijah's flight Only this particular angel is called Malack Yahveh. God enthroned himself on the ark as his throne. Students of the bible have always concluded that the Malack Yahveh was God himself. A theophany. A temporary manifestation of the pre-incarnate Christ. In the NT after the incarnation the angels are never called Mallack Yahveh but just angels & when Jesus appears it is in his permanent glorified body
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-30T00:01:01-00:00

Ritualism
type: item
description: RITUALISM OT rituals are the pattern of spiritual reality. The NT teachings assumes one understands the OT symbolism and shadows of things to come. Rituals are outward signs of inward truths. Heb. 9/1-12, Heb. 10/11,18-19 The covenant relationship between God and Israel was expressed in ritual worship. The aim of the covenant was to express in a graphic manner the need of cleansing from sin and holiness before God. The mosaic ritual was a visible conscious symbol of this truth. However the ritual was not simply a system of outward signs of internal truths. From the standpoint of the law it was the necessary vehicle for the actual realization of obtaining forgiveness and having fellowship with God. For example sacrifice did not symbolize forgiveness of sins and the propitiation of Gods wrath apart from the actual realization of these two effects. It was not merely a symbol The Place of the scriptures in the Public worship It seems to be subordinate to the ritual in the OT. The proclamation of the word in public worship does not appear as the principle thing in OT worship. The liturgical churches identify with the OT not the NT and the altar is still central. The pulpit emphasizes the word. The alter emphasizes the mass etc. Is the altar central and the pulpit off to the side? In the liturgical churches it is. We don't know how they did it but the word was to be taught by the priests. There is no mention of services in the OT to teach the word. Deut.33/10 Deut 31/10-11 The only public reading of the law was every seven yrs at the the feast of tabernacles. This was not negative because the parents were commissioned by God to teach their children. Deut 6/1-7 They weren't stressing the word in their services because they were living it day by day. They were teaching their children day in and day out. In the exile (586 BC) the synagogue appears. They no longer had a place to offer sacrifice and no more temple. The more pious people and priests got together and started a s…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-30T19:18:29-00:00

Ritualism # 2
type: item
description: The Sacred Furnishings The great Altar This alone was available to the congregation. Here was where he had communion with God. If he didn't come by way of the alter he wasn't accepted by God. He could only come by faith and by way of a blood sacrifice. The Laver This is where the priest washed his hands and feet and signified that he who carried out the ministry of reconciliation had to sanctify his own life first. Jesus most scathing denunciations were of the religious leaders for their failure to do this. Alter Of Incense This burned perpetually day and night and signified the prayers of the priests as they ministered for the people as intercessors. Num. 14/46 He didn't pray he just grabbed fire off the alter and incense. Table of Showbread 12 loaves representing the 12 tribes of Israel. Heb. is the table of presence and signified that God was present among his people to provide for them. Golden Lampstand A light which signifies the pure light of revelation which only Israel had. It had 7 branches with 7 bowls on top shaped like almonds holding oil which burned continually with pure olive oil. Psalm 147/19-20 - seven is the number of perfection - seven days then the sabbath - seven years then the sabbatical - Every seven times seven years then the year of Jubilee - the Feast of Tabernacles seven days long - the Passover - seven days long - seven weeks from Passover to Pentecost - seven lambs offered at Pentecost The Ark of the Covenant This was in the Holy of Holies and signified the throne for Israels king and his presence among his people. He was literally enthroned there. Lev.16/2, Ex.29/42-46 The significance of the Ark is that inside were the two tablets of stone. God sits enthroned in Israel on the basis of the law and covenant he made with them. He sits on the law. It was a continual testimony of the need to keep the law. But the mercy seat covers the broken law which the Israelites broke and needed forgiveness for. The blood was sprinkled on it. The blood …
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-30T19:22:41-00:00

The Doctrine of Sacrifice
type: item
description: The Doctrine of Sacrifice The Origin of Sacrifices Critical theories of their origin Most think that Israel got their sacrifices is Egypt and added to it from the heathen in Canaan. a)Gift theory ; Sacrifices were originally gifts given to their God to get some favour. b)Magic theory: Through the offering of the blood of a substitute on an altar the disease or sin of the people would be magically transferred to the animal (JDS believe this although they use the term mystical) c) The table bond theory: Sacrifices were meals which the man and his God participated in eating and thus establishing a bond of fellowship. Their God didn't actually eat but the idea of communion was there. Some believe this was the original meaning. d) Sacramental communion theory: A modification of the table bond theory. The sacrifice represented the God and when the worshipper ate it he incorporated into himself the life and power of his God. (this is the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation) e) The Homage theory ; Sacrifice is rooted in the desire to pay homage to the deity. f) The Religious Instinct theory: Man is by nature religious so he desired to give something of himself to his deity. Its an instinct. g) The Canaanite view: Israel picked up the religious sacrifice from her Canaanite neighbours . The Reply: Israelite Sacrifice was of Divine Origin This is seen in the contrast between Israel and her neighbours. The purity of Israel versus cruelty and fertility rites etc. Logical Considerations How did Israels get so pure? Much heathen worship had fertility rites (Canaan) and human sacrifice. Israels was completely free of this. Issac? This was a test of Abraham's loyalty Jephthah? Judges 11. There is no evidence he actually sacrificed her and may have simply consecrated her to a life of perpetual virginity. Duet.18/10 prohibited human sacrifice as an abomination to God. Biblical Considerations Sacrifice didn't originate in Canaan or Egypt but goes right back to the garden. Sacrifice…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-30T19:33:13-00:00

The Doctrine of Sacrifice # 2
type: item
description: The essential idea in Sacrifice: Vicarious atonement The Definition of Sacrifice Sacrifice is to be defined as: A substitutionary blood offering made to God by his appointed ministers upon his alter with the object of covering sin and appeasing or propitiating the wrath of God. Thus restoring those upon whose behalf it is offered to fellowship and communion with God and expressing either penitence homage gratitude thanksgiving dedication consecration communion and entreaty for divine blessing. Hebrew Sacrificial Terminology 1. The Generic Terms a) Minchah: A gift or offering. Comes from a word that means to give or lend. b) Zevach An OT term for sacrifice. Comes from a word which means to slaughter either for food or sacrifice. c) Ishsheh: An offering made by fire. Comes from the word for fire. d) Qorban: An offering or gift. Mark 7/11 2. The Specific Terms a) 'olah: The whole burnt offering. It comes from a word that means to go up or ascend. b) Zevach shelamim : The peace offering. Comes from a verb that means to be complete or whole. It means a complete or whole peace with God. Literally it is "The sacrifice of completeness" c) Chattath: The sin offering. Comes from root word meaning to sin. (which means to Miss the mark) d) 'asham: The guilt or trespass offering. e) Minchah: The meal offering (grain). KJV is the meat offering. f) Nesek: A drink offering. Comes from a word that means to pour out. g) Shemen: The oil burned in the lamp (pure olive oil) h) Libation of water: 1 Sam.7/6, 11Sam.23/16 This must have been revealed to Samuel as it wasn't part of the of the levitical law. It was observed with the feast of tabernacles and poured out on the alter. The Jewish writers in interpreting this said they poured out their hearts like water before the Lord. The prominent OT sacrificial term: Kipper It means to cover over the sin. Gen.6/14 pitch- kipper Gen.32/20 appease (kipper) his eyes
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-30T19:36:50-00:00

The doctrine of Sacrifice # 3
type: item
description: The classification of Levitical sacrifices The National Sacrifices 1. The Serial Offerings (a series) a) Daily offerings: Morning and evening a burnt offering on behalf of the nation (Israel) It was a one year old lamb with meal and drink offerings. It is called continual because it is offered daily. b) Weekly offerings: Morning and evening double the daily offering. c) Monthly offering: Offered on the new moon sabbath. - two bullocks a ram and seven lambs with meal and drink offerings - the regular daily offerings a sin offering- a kid goat 2. The Festal (Festival) Offerings The Passover Cycle of Feasts a) The Lords Passover: Ex. 12 Celebrated on the 14th day of Nissan. Nissan is the 1st month of the religious year. There were two calendars in the OT; civil and religious. b) The feast of unleavened bread: It started on the 15 Nissan and lasted 7 days. (Nissan is a month in the Jewish calendar) It isn't the same as the Passover but connected to it. The 1st and 7th days were Sabbaths. The daily offerings were offered then two bullocks a ram and seven lambs with meal and drink offerings. In addition to that a kid (goat) was offered for a sin offering on each of the 7 days. c) Pentecost: The 3thd feast in the Passover cycle. It occurred 50 days after the feast of unleavened bread and it lasted one day. It is also called the feast of harvest, feast of first fruits or feast of weeks. In addition to the daily burnt offering were peace offerings and meal offerings. The Cycle of the Seventh Month a)The Feast of Rams Horns (Trumpets): Celebrated in the month Tisri. The civil new year. The first day of Tisri was new years. It was also the new moon of the seventh month. Offerings are the daily burn to offering a new moon offering plus a bullock a ram and 7 lambs. b) The Day of Atonement: This was the 10 day of the 7th month. A day of fasting and repentance for Israel. The priest had to offer a sin offering for himself first. The sin offering was a bullock and a ram. For the pe…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-30T19:42:36-00:00

Doctrine of Sacrifice #4
type: item
description: The Material of the Offerings. Animal and Vegetable 1.Classification of Clean and Unclean Animals for Food a) Large animals - clean animals chew the cud and divide the hoof b) Water animals - clean ones had to have scales and fins c) Birds - there was no classification as to physical characteristics. There 20 named in Lev. In Deut. there are 21. Unclean birds generally were birds of prey, waders, bats, and storks. d) small creatures - only the grasshopper was clean.(locust) It was a special type locust they ate. Anything that crawled or creeped was unclean. Generally birds and animals that ate living things were unclean Why these distinctions in Foods? Lev. 20/23-26 It was impressed on Israel on every sphere of life the fact that it was people separated from the world into God. This is the reason for distinctions about food. Animals acceptable for sacrifice Of the clean animals the distinction was domesticated. ie: cattle sheep goats doves and pigeons. No animal could be offered that was taken in hunting. No fish could be offered (Dagon- the philistine fish god). The animal had to be at least 8 days old or else they were unclean. There are no more religious distinctions concerning foods in the NT. Mark 7/14-23 Jesus cleansed meat by his teaching here. 1Tim.4/1-5 Col. 2/14, 20-22 Vegetable or Bloodless sacrifices a) grain roasted by fire (KJV calls it corn) grains of wheat b) flour mixed with oil and frankincense. c )unleavened bread or cakes The Principle on which the Blood and Bloodless Offerings were fixed 1. It was chosen out of the ordinary food and nourishment of the people. Animals they had raised or food they had grown. They offered an offering for themselves out of these. 2. In doing so they sanctified their calling ie: farmers and shepherds not businessmen 3. It testified to Gods blessings on the labour of their hands. In the study of book of Leviticus Lev. 17/11 is the key verse. The purpose of the book is Lev.19/2. To make holy. 1 Peter 1/16 quotes this. …
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-30T19:46:25-00:00

doctrine of Sacrifice # 5
type: item
description: The Whole Burnt Offering The Text and Term Lev.1/1-17, Lev.6/8-13 an offering of sweet savour Heb. Term Olah- from a verb which mans to go up or ascend The Ritual The sinner had to personally bring his substitute. He couldn't send a servant for eg. The sinner bringing it had to have a purpose because the purpose determined the ritual and also how the sacrifice was divided. The sinner had to bring it to the door of the tabernacle. (Duet.12, Lev.17) The reason being because Israel was prone to idolatry and they lived in a land filled with idolatry. It was also public repentance. The Laying on of Hands They confessed their sins over the innocent substitute. In scripture it was the communication of something spiritual or intangible signified by the outward visible act of laying on of hands. The power of God and other things is transmitted through the hands. It is more than just an outward symbol. The laying on of hands in Leviticus signified the transfer of the liability for punishment from the sinner to the substitute. Lev. 1/4, 16/21 The liberals say this was just an act of designation. The problem with that is then why didn't they do it with the meal offering. The Killing of the Victim The sinner had to kill it and skin it. (the skin went to the priest) The sinner had to cut it up and wash it inside and out (wash out the dung for eg) The man himself had to kill the animal because God wanted to impress upon him that the penalty for sin was death. It was only with a dove for sacrifice that the priest would kill it. The Sprinkling of the Blood The priest would sprinkle the blood on the top (sometimes translated sides) of the alter. The Burning of the Sacrifice The whole animal was burned except the dung. The Sacrificial Meal This was absent from the whole burnt offering The Meaning and Significance of the Whole Burnt Offering 1. The ascending of the sacrifice up to God signified consecration unto God. It taught the Israelite that complete consecration was essential to r…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-30T19:51:52-00:00

Doctrine of Sacrifice # 6
type: item
description: The Peace Offering Lev. 3/1-6 The Term :Zervach Shalamin. It comes from a word that means entire or whole. It is called a shalom which means peace or peace with God. There was only one word for peace "Shalom". If you were talking about the sacrifice or peace offering you used the same word. Kinds of Peace Offerings a) The Thank Offering. This was sometimes called the praise offering. It was offered in thanksgiving for some benefit you received but that you didn't ask for. It wasn't an offering you had promised God. b) The Vow Offering or The Vow. This was an offering you promised God if he answered some prayer for you. c) The Free Will Offering. This was not for any benefit or because of a promise but just a free gift from the heart. The Ritual It was the same as any other offering except that only the fat went on the alter to be burned. The priest and the person offering it would eat it. Lev. 7/29-34 The Wave Offering. The breast was waved toward the alter and then toward the priest. It was given to the priest for him to take home and eat. The Heave Offering. The right shoulder was heaved up toward the Lord and then given to the priest to take home. The balance would be eaten by the offerer in a communion meal with the Lord. The peace offering was male or female cattle sheep or goats. In the whole burnt offering if you were poor you could offer pigeons or turtle doves but not in the peace offering as there was not enough there to have a meal. The meaning and Significance After the animal was offered and the priest took his part the offerer took and cooked the balance within the precincts of the temple. It was eaten in communion with the Lord who was in the temple. The ritual required it had to be eaten in the temple by the worshipper and his family. If it was a thank offering and it had to be eaten the same day. The vow or the freewill offering could be eaten the second day as well if there was any left over. The third day any balance had to be burned. Why? This pr…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-30T20:00:12-00:00

Docrtine of Sacrifice # 7
type: item
description: The Trespass Offering Text: Lev.5/14-19 6/1-7 7/1-7 The Hebrew Term Asham - guilt, trespass, trespass offering The sins covered are trespasses on others rights either man or God with respect to ownership. Its value can be estimated and covered by compensation (because you had to make restitution) The principle idea in the sin offering is propitiation or covering of Gods wrath. The principle idea in trespass offering is satisfaction The Ritual a) The animal is presented b) Hands are laid on the head c) Sins are confessed over it d) The animal is killed e) The fat is burned on the alter f) The rest goes to the priest The point here to the rest going to the priest is that this is how the priest made his living and could feed his family. It would be the equivalent of putting money in the offering box at church. The blood here is only sprinkled on the alter and not the horns of the alter like the sin offering because the guilt was not fully expiated at the alter unless restitution had taken place. Three Kinds of Trespass offerings 1. Trespasses against God a) where the value could be determined - he would offer a ram plus restitution and 1/5 extra. b) where value could not be precisely determined Examples would be: accidentally eating the tithe or the first fruits ,eating a first born lamb, eating the flesh of the sin offering, eating the show bread. If value could not be determined he would just offer a ram. 2.Trespasses against man A ram was offered restitution was made plus 1/5 extra Examples would be misuse of a deposit, fraud, robbery, oppression, finding a lost object and not returning it. 3. Trespasses in General Examples would be: A leper who was cured. The leper being considered unclean had trespassed against the holiness of God. (whose fault it was is beside the point) A Nazarite who broke his vow. He would do that for eg by touching a dead body. Unchastity with the slave of another.(slaves were property) The Trespass Offering as a Type of Christ Eph.2/1 Col.2/…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-30T20:09:22-00:00

Doctrine of Sacrifice # 8
type: item
description: Various views of the efficacy of the OT Sacrifice 1. Ceremonial Efficacy It was merely Ceremonial. It was good only for ceremonial sins. 2. Temporary Efficacy It was good only until the next sin offering. Or until the day of atonement. 3. Complete or Real Efficacy The sin and trespass offering provided a real atonement for all sin. Moral and ceremonial. As long as the sacrifices were presented in humble faith and repentance. When the OT levitical law is consulted the effect of the sacrifice is said by God to be that it covers sin, makes atonement and forgiveness is granted. OR God said I will forgive him if he follows this ritual. God said it would work. Lev. 4/35 The Hebrew didn't have the book of Hebrews. He just had Gods word. The humble pious regenerate Israelite with his conscience and heart burdened with sin by offering an acceptable substitute in the ritual could go home forgiven. The OT sacrifices offered temporary peace but only the sacrifice of Christ could offer permanent atonement. The OT sacrifices had an atoning efficacy ascribed to them by the law itself. There is nothing in the law to indicate to the Israelite that the sacrifices were merely types and shadows of things to come. The Problem of the Book of Hebrews Heb.9/8-14, 10/1-12 From the worshippers standpoint in the OT the levitical sacrifices were effective in a two fold way 1. It restored him to fellowship with God 2. the sacrifices effected the actual forgiveness for sin The Twofold Purpose in Sacrifice 1. The revealed Purpose. The covenant relationship between God and Israel was sustained through ritual and sacrifice. He was forgiven his sin and remained in fellowship with God through it. Which means the sacrifice didn't symbolize forgiveness apart from the actual realization of it. That would rob it of its immediate meaning to the Israelite. Forgiveness was obtained through the act of sacrifice. 2. The Hidden and future purpose as revealed in the Book of Hebrews Every sacrifice that God acce…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-10-30T20:12:47-00:00

The Vov / Nazaritism
type: item
description: The Vow 1. The Positive Vow A promise to dedicate something to God. It can be a sacrifice or some other object. This is called Korban (corban) It means an offering not necessarily a sacrifice. Lev.1/2, Num.7/13, Neh. 10/34 Mark 7/5-13 Jesus scathing denunciation of the pharisees practice of the vow. This was a vow of something you would give to the Lord. To get out of helping parents or someone or to get out of an obligation they would say its corban and then use it themselves. a) Possessions Gen. 28/22 His sheep cattle possessions or servants b) Persons 1Sam.1/11 Samuel Judges 11/30 Jepthah vowed his daughter Bro. Freeman thought this was foolish vow that should have been repented of. He also thought it was a vow of perpetual virgin hood. c) The Vow of Devotion. This was not used in a spiritual sense. It could be called a vow of judgment. Devoted to judgment. Heb. is "Cherem" - a ban, a devoted thing Lev. 27/29 Joshua 6/17-18 Jericho. The whole city. It is destroyed and burned. If it is living it is killed d) There are special vows devoting something to Gods use. eg. lands animals. They are then unsaleable. They become the possession of the priesthood and can never be redeemed. Lev. 27/21,28 Num.18/14,8 2. The Negative vow A promise to renounce some act or enjoyment for the glory of God a) Fasting This was the most common vow of abstinence. It is commanded only on Yom Kippur Gen.37/34, Joshua 7/6, Judges 20/28, 1 Sam.7/6 This vow was quite common in Israel. b) Nazaritism You had to deny yourself. (see below) Conclusion: It was an expression of devotion to God. It had no necessary merit. Deut.23/22 It was an act of worship and voluntary in the OT. The vow of a of a wife or daughter was not valid unless approved by the husband or father by his silence. Num.30 Nazaritism The Text Num.6/1f It can be a man or women / You can eat or drink nothing from the grape vine / He can't cut his hair / you can't touch a dead body. Even your own family The Hebrew Term: Nazer - one w…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-01T23:42:12-00:00

Purification
type: item
description: Purification 1. Ceremonial defilement These were ritual uncleanness (ritual as opposed to sinful) where people had to be restored to cleanness. Death It is viewed as unclean in the OT. Touching a dead body or it happening in the same house as you or touching something connected with it. Touching an unclean dead animal. If you touched a clean animal that died unnaturally you became unclean. Num.19/13- This is the ritual that cleanses you from this. Slaying a perfect red heifer burning it and mixing its ashes with water and sprinkling you or your house or whatever became defiled by death. Two Aspects to the Waters of Purification. a) A clean person who touched the water or the red heifer became unclean. Why? To express the infectious character of death. Its unnatural and awful. Anything pertaining to it made it unclean. Death is the ultimate expression of Gods judgment against sin. b) The waters of purification were themselves clean and holy. Because they cleansed those who were defiled. The ashes were gathered by someone who was clean and taken to a clean place until they were needed. Then they were mixed with the water. Purification after childbirth Lev. 12/1-8 A women was unclean after childbirth. 7 days and 33 days for a boy and 14 days and 66 days for a girl. They had to offer a burnt offering and a sin offering. Vs 7 -"she shall be cleansed from the issue of her blood" The women was ritually unclean because of the issue of blood. Lev. 12/7 with Lev. 15/19-28 This also included the menstrual cycle. In the OT a women couldn't come into the temple during the menstrual cycle. Only those pure and clean with no ritual defilement. Anything unnatural relating to the private organs was not to come into the temple until clean. Why 66 days for a girl vs 33 for a boy? Its not the fact of boy or girl but the mother in her uncleanness. A girl will also eventually add to the ritual uncleanness of the issue of blood. Luke 2/22-24 This offering was for the mother not the child P…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-01T23:45:22-00:00

The Oath and Taxes
type: item
description: The Oath Its Nature In Israel it was a religious act. The Hebrew Term Deut. 6/13 Heb. is Shebuwah. It comes from the same root word as the sacred number 7. It implies perfection. Seven is often sacred and has religious significance and signifies completeness. The oath then implies it is seven times whatever you would say without the oath. Kinds of Oaths a) An assertion of a truth before the Living God "as the Lord lives" b) The oath of imprecation or curse. This is an appeal to Gods penal justice against the wicked. The Usage of the Oath Oaths were commanded by God to be in his name. It was to wean them from the other Gods they had learned in Egypt. The formal oath was always in the name of the Lord. a) The Formal Oath Gen.24/2 a promise / Gen. 21/23 to seal a covenant Neh.6/18 an oath of friendship / Num. 5/19 an oath of innocence Ex.22/11 an oath of purging - as in a court of law b) The Informal oath This was not a commanded oath 11Kings 2/2 "as thy soul liveth" This was not something done carelessly or with profanity. Sometimes they said "as I live". or "may the Lord do so to me" Signs of the Oath a) The pledge. Gen 21/27-32 b) Laying the Hand Gen.24/1-3 under the thigh of him who was sworn to. It was like shaking hands. The thigh was reverenced as the source of life. The most personal private and powerful part of the body c) Raising the Hand to Heaven or God. Gen.14/22 swearing by the Lord d) 1 Kings 8/31 an oath before the alter The Sanctity of the Oath The oath was very serious ans a religious act. To violate it required a sin offering. Even careless oaths required a sin offering to break it. Lev. 5/4, 6/3 The oath and the vow were different. Sometimes they go together but they can't be confused. One would take a vow and then an oath that they would keep it. There were new rules in the NT. Matt. 5, James 5 Theocratic Taxes The fundamental idea is based on the fact that the people their possessions and the Holy Land belong to God and they were just his stewards…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-01T23:50:07-00:00

Designations of the Sacred Times and Seasons
type: item
description: Designations of the Sacred Times and Seasons Sabbaths / New Moons / Pilgrimage Festivals Festivals of the Seventh Month: The Feast of Trumpets The Day of Atonement The Feast of Tabernacles The Sabbatical Year The Year of Jubilee The Biblical Texts Ex. 23 Lev. 23-25,27 Num. 28-29 Deut. 15-16 The Significance of the Sacred Seasons They are called the "appointed times" in the Bible. Num.28/2 The Holy days or sacred seasons were to preserve by these seasons a remembrance of Israels election and deliverance. It was also a constant reminder that God was the author of all their earthly blessings and their continual dependence on him. Celebration of the Holy Days All the yearly feast days were called sabbaths and no work was to be done. The feast of Tabernacles and the Passover lasted a full week. The first and seventh days of these feasts were sabbaths. On the weekly sabbath and the Day of Atonement no work could be done on the threat of death. Rest only was required. The two week long feasts one could work between the two sabbaths. The weekly sabbath and the Day of Atonement (Shabbat Shabbatom) were called high holy days. The weekly sabbath and the sabbatical feast days were called "holy convocations". On the three sabbath feast days all males were required to go up to Jerusalem to appear before the Lord. Ex.23/14,17 Deut. 16/16. The had to bring their tithes and Deuteronomic tithes. The Sabbatical Seasons 1. The Weekly Sabbath Its Origin Gen. 2/2 God rested. The Heb word there is the root of the word for sabbath. Ex. 20/8-11 the seventh day and the seventh commandment Gen. 7/4-10, 8/10-12 References to seven day periods. He made a seven day week and then blessed 1/7 of it. There is no sabbath until we get to the law. Even the word for sabbaths isn't used in Genesis which is many centuries long. The Sabbath in the Mosaic Period Ex.16/21-30 This is the first mention of the sabbath. Gen.2/3 God called the sabbath a blessing not a legalistic burden. Mark 2/23-27 Jesus here i…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-02T00:01:18-00:00

Designations of the Sacred Times and Seasons # 2
type: item
description: Pentecost Heb. Term: There is no Heb term. The Gr. term means 50th. The Heb is "feast of weeks" or "feast of 7's". It is called the feast of weeks because it occurred 7 weeks after Passover. Observance It is also called the "feast of harvest" The Passover opened the summer harvest and Pentecost closed it. Ex.23/16 It is also called the feast of 1st fruits. It is a one day feast celebrated on the 6th day of Savon. The feature of the celebration was 2 loaves made of the first fruits of the wheat harvest. No one could eat of the harvest without presenting those loaves at the alter. Later Jewish tradition held that the nation began on the day of Pentecost. The Meaning of the Day of Pentecost For Israel it meant the dedication of the whole harvest to God who gave it to then in the first place. To the Jew it was intended to remind him of this fact. For the church it had its beginnings on this day. The churches message is the Passover. But they couldn't preach it until they got the empowering. Feast of Tabernacles Heb. Term Feast of Tabernacles or Feast of Booths Lev.23/34-44 Observance This was the greatest feast of rejoicing in Israel. The Jews call it Sukkot. It was not celebrated in Israel between Joshua and Nehemiah. Neh. 8/14-18 Nehemiah re instituted it. This is a feast even the gentiles will celebrate in the millennium. John 7/1-2 Jesus partook of the this feast The Day of Atonement Introduction Lev.16/2f They had to fast from the evening of the 9th day until the evening of the 10th day. The atonement was for a) the priesthood first (for themselves) b) then for the people c) then for the tabernacle and altar in the midst of a sinful people On this day every priest had to take his place with the people. Only the high priest could make an atonement. The ritual The high priest would wash and put on holy linen garments and then offer a bullock as a sin offering for himself and his house. He brought 2 goats out before the Lord and cast lots. One goat sacrificed for the …
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-02T00:07:05-00:00

Judaism
type: item
description: The Origin and Meaning of the Term "Judaism” The reason why we study this is because one can't understand much in the NT without understanding between the testaments. There is much in the NT that just appears without explanation. eg: synagogue, pharisees, Sanhedrin The term "Judaism" occurs in 11 Maccabees 2/21,14/38. During this period (between the testaments) Judaism refers to the religion of the Jews as contrasted to Greek Hellenism. The term in the NT is used to contrast non-christian Jewish religion with Christianity. Gal.1/13 Jews religion. The Greek word is Judaism. Titus 1/14 Jewish fables. Gal 2/14 Jewish customs There is no word in the OT that can be translated "Jew" There is a word that is a persons name."Yehudi" it means Jewish or Jew. A noun or adjective. 11 Kings 16/6, Esther 5/13, Neh. 1/2 The term comes from the kingdom of Judah. Jew or Judaism. Jew was originally a Judite from the kingdom of Judah. After the exile the name Yehudi began to applied to anyone who was a Jew anywhere. There is a difference between legalistic Judaism and classical Judaism. The point being that there is nothing wrong with Ezra and Nehemiah calling the people back to mosaic worship. Legalistic Judaism arose between the testaments after prophecy had ceased and there was no king and Israel was ruled mostly by priestly families. The Background to Post-Exile Judaism The Political Background 1. The biblical period - under Ezra and Nehemiah a) The Babylonian period 586-536 BC b) The Persian period. 536-400 BC 536 BC the Persians allow the Jews to return to Israel Ezra 3/1-7 Burnt offering is restored 535 BC the foundation of the temple is laid. Ezra 3/8-13 Ezra 4 for 15 yrs no more work is done 520 BC the work resumes under Haggai and Zechariah 515 BC the temple is finished 478 BC Esther becomes queen 458 BC Ezra comes as a teacher/priest Ezra 7-10 445 BC Nehemiah comes a governor and begins to rebuild the city Neh. 1-7 433 BC Nehemiah goes back to Babylon Neh. 13/6 432 BC Malach…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-02T00:14:17-00:00

]The Literary Productions of the Exile
type: item
description: The Literary Productions of the Exile a) The Canonical books Esther, Ezra, Nehemiah, 1&2 Chronicles. All these were written during the exile b)The Septuagint 250 BC The Bible (OT) was translated by 70 Jewish scholars into Greek because many Jews spoke Greek. Sometimes called the LXX after the Latin Roman Numerals for 70 c) Apocrypha Very important history contained here. The word Apocrypha means hidden or spurious. We don't know who wrote them. It got into the Latin Vulgate bible which became the Roman Catholic bible. So the 11 apocryphal books are part of the RC bible. The canon of scripture was closed in 90 AD. There were no extant copies of the apocrypha so it didn't make it into the bible. For more info see OT Survey. d)The Pseudopigrapha They are called "Pseudo" because they weren't written by the people whose names are on them. - The Testament of the 12 Patriarchs - The Psalms of Solomon - The Lives of the Prophets - The Book of Jubilee - The Testament of Job - The Gospel of Enoch - The Martyrdom of Isaiah - The Life of Adam and Eve - The Assumption of Moses - The Apocalypse of Abraham - 3 & 4 Maccabees - Various others e) The NT Apocrypha (See NT Theology) Writings of the Early Church Fathers These were written by devout learned men. They just didn't get into scripture. eg. Nicene, Post Nicene, Ante Nicene fathers f) The Targums These were Aramaic translations and interpretations and paraphrases of parts of the OT. They were written about 100 AD. They are important because most Jews of the time spoke Aramaic. g) The Talmud The word means to study learn or instruction. There were two Talmuds 1. The Palestinian Talmud. Written in Palestine about 275 AD 2. The Babylonian Talmud. Written by Jewish scholars in Babylon about 500 AD. The Talmuds are collections of oral tradition and interpretations of the scriptures and divided into two parts. 1. The Mishnah. A collection of oral tradition and interpretation after Ezra until about 500 AD 2 The Gemara. A commentary o…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-02T00:18:21-00:00

Idolatry in Israel
type: item
description: Idolatry in Israel Baalism Bro Freeman (as the professor teaching the course) gave an assignment to study Idolatry under the false Gods heading in a conservative Bible encyclopedia eg Wycliff Introduction We are studying Baalism as representative of idolatry in Israel. Baalism was the most serious threat to Israel in its history. There were two times in Israels history when it was almost destroyed. 1. Esther and Haman 2. Elijah and Baal This is a very important subject. In the book of the kings there is 1/2 chap given to each king (other than David / Solomon). Then 6 chap to Ahab / Jezebel. The only explanation is the presence of Baalism. It wasn't just a religion but under Ahab it became the state religion. This also explains the presence of strong prophets (Elijah / Elisha) and good kings (Asa / Jehoshaphat) at the same time. Terms Baalism - meaning a) owner - eg. a bird baals his wings b) a husband c) lord or ruler - in the sense of deity Eventually Baal became the name of one God who was worshipped by the Canaanites and philistines. Asherah was the consort of Baal. Ishtar, Astarte from Babylon and Venus from Rome - all refer to the same god 1 Kings 18. 450 prophets of Baal 400 prophets of Asherah (the groves) It became the state religion. 1 Kings 16/32 11 Kings 11/18 They persecuted the true prophets Two main aspects to Baal a) Sacrifices - this included human sacrifice. b) Festivals - early spring, summer and fall. The goddess came into prominence here. The evergreen tree was her symbol. Baalism was a fertility religion with sexual excesses. Worshipped in the groves of evergreen trees. Both male and female prostitutes were used in the temple. It was because of this filth and uncleanness that God had the Israelite's destroy them when they came into the land. The worship of Baal was inseparably related to the growth of crops. In fall they when everything died they would weep mourn and cut themselves. In the spring when he (the crops) came alive they would rejoice…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-02T13:41:47-00:00

The Kingdom of God in the OT
type: item
description: The Kingdom of God in the OT The Sovereignty of God The Nature of Gods Sovereignty The meaning of Gods sovereignty to the OT writers was synonymous with the fact that God was God. They considered that an affirmation of his existence was an affirmation of his sovereignty and absolute kingship. They ascribed to him the right to govern his universe the way he wanted to. He is sovereign in the exercise of his power as well as the bestowal of his love grace and mercy. There is no such thing as a non-sovereign God. That is why there can only be one God not two. God over everything is sovereign Isaiah 57/15, 66/1, 40/25, 43/10, 44/6, 45/18, 42/5, 40/13-14, 41/1 The Ground of God's Sovereignty in the OT His Omnipotence This is the power of God. It is the most frequently mentioned of his attributes in all the OT. His power is demonstrated in his names. eg. God Almighty, The Lord of Hosts etc We see this demonstrated in the old songs of the OT. eg. Judges 5, Ex. 15, Deut. 34, 1 Sam.2 We see a demonstration of his sovereign power in creation. We also see it in the exodus from Egypt. We see it in delivering Canaan to Israel. Ezek. 1 We see a picture of Gods sovereignty over all things. Dan.4/35 His power is so sovereign even the heathen acknowledge it. The Significance of Gods omnipotence a/ It shows he is able to fulfill all the promises of his word. His word has the power to bring his promises to pass. Is.55/11 b/ His omnipotence is shown in the OT by his power to protect his people from anybody and anyone. Ex.9/16 God hardened Pharaoh's heart to demonstrate his power and glory. From Pharaoh's side he did what he wanted. From God's side he couldn't do anything else. Is.46/8-11, Dan. 6/26-27 The Omnipresence of God He is personally present everywhere at one and the same time everywhere in heaven and earth. Not "in" heaven and "on" earth but he fills heaven and earth. He sees everything Prov.15/3 This is the basis for his judging everything Amos 9/2-4 It also means he is presen…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-02T13:50:24-00:00

Election of Israel
type: item
description: ELECTION OF ISRAEL The Ground for Israels Election Their election was grace and unconditioned love Israels election is inseparably related to the theocracy of Israel. Rom. 1 The whole world rejected God and his kingdom. God chose a nation to serve him. The election of Israel is closely related to the theocracy of Israel. The theocracy was the result of Israels election and the ground of that election was based on Gods grace and unconditional love. a) Grace must be sovereign or it isn't grace. It has to come to those least deserving or else they can appeal to merit. It is unmerited favor and God can give it to whomever he wants. b)Gods love is unconditional. Deut.9/4-5 He chose her because he loved her not because of her righteousness or because they were a great nation. Deut. 7/6-8 It is bestowed upon those least deserving so it will magnify the grace of God. Election The Hebrew Terms a) Bachar - to choose Is. 43/10, Deut 7/6 This term is used over 150 times. b) Yadha (yava)- To know - Amos 3/2 c) Qanah - To acquire or buy Duet.32/6 Bachar is used 30 times in Deut. The term was mostly used in the exile for Israel to know God had chosen her. Jer. 33/24, Is. 41/9, 44/1-2, 49/7 Why was special election limited to Israel Ps. 147/ 19-20 a) When he picked Israel she wasn't even a nation. 1 Cor. 1 God chooses the base and foolish. b) The nations he didn't choose were responsible for departing from the light they had already been given way back in the beginning. Rom. 1 They wilfully gave up their knowledge of God. He chose a loosely knit collection of tribes and made them into a nation. Deut.9/4-6 c) It was necessary for God to start somewhere in restoring true revelation and knowledge to the world d. God's wisdom love and mercy is to be seen in election. Abraham and then Israel were the means by which he could bless the whole world with salvation. e) The heathen nations already had a secular culture. Arts science astronomy God started a nation which had religion as its mai…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-02T13:55:14-00:00

Covenant
type: item
description: Covenant The Idea of covenant Israel was to live her life between the terms of the covenant. It was unique among the nations in that other nations related to their God while God revealed himself to Israel. From Abraham to Moses God entered into covenant with individuals. eg Noah, Issac, Jacob. After Moses it became a covenant to a nation. The Hebrew Term Heb. Berit - the technical phrase is "to cut a covenant" Kerat Berit The term stems from the idea of offering a sacrifice to seal the covenant them cutting it in half and walking between them. The popular view of this is that it means this is what will happen to you it you break the covenant. Bro. Freeman believes that the slaying of the sacrifice shows the seriousness of it and both parties walking between it shows they are bound together in it. Gen. 15/9-18, Jer. 34/18-19 God was appearing as a great light and a burning lamp. The Origin of the Covenant Concept in the OT Gen. 9/11 Between Noah as representative of the human race and God Gen. 15/18 Between Abraham as founder of Israel and God The Token of the Covenant It was the slaying of an animal and walking between it. A covenant can be confirmed by a gift 1 Sam. 18/3-4 A token can be a common meal eg Jacob and Laban Gen. 31/44 The token or sign of Abraham's covenant was circumcision Gen. 17 The rainbow Gen.9 The smoking furnace and flaming lamp Gen.15 The Nature of Israels Covenant In ancient times there were two types of covenant a) Parity covenant - This was reciprocal. Responsibility was required of both parties. Both parties had input dickering or barter. Both parties stipulated the terms. b)Suzerainty covenant. This is a unilateral covenant. One side gives the covenant. An eg would be between subjects and their king. a) is Jacob and Laban b) is God and Noah The covenant at Mt Sinai was a Suzerainty covenant. The Purpose of the covenant It was the same as the purpose of Israels election: a) To be custodians of the revelation of the knowledge of the true God…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-05T20:06:08-00:00

Doctrine of the Messiah
type: item
description: Doctrine of the Messiah The Meaning and Nature of Messianic Prophecy 1/ The Meaning: That prophecy that predicts the fulfillment of redemption. The establishment of the Kingdom of God on the earth through the messiah. It is not limited to the prophets. It is also found in the Pentateuch, Psalms and historical books as well. 2/ The Nature: Messianic prophecy in the OT proceeded along two lines based on the covenant God gave Abraham. Gen. 12/2-3 . . . A great nation. This was pointing to Israel and the later kingdom of God . . . All will be blessed. Points to salvation Here is where messianic prophecy begins to take shape into two streams. a) a glorious kingdom ruled over by a Davidic monarch b) the messiah who is shown to be a suffering servant who dies for his people The glorious kingdom: The promise made to Abraham created the expectation in Israel for a kingdom and as the kingdom of God. This was heightened when Saul actually became king. The national conception of Israel as the kingdom of God. Then with David becoming king as a type of the messiah an even greater expectation came. 11 Sam.7 - God gave to David that his future son would be the messiah and establish an eternal kingdom. With the ensuing disappointments of the kings after David ending in the destruction of Jerusalem and the exile the hope of a messianic king in their thinking and theology became the hope of a messianic deliverer. You see in the NT in John 6 the expectation of a messiah who would come and rule over them and deliver them from their enemies. The point here is that deliverer was never in the original prophecy. When they came back after 70 yrs exile they discovered Zerrubabal was not the messiah. He was only a man and their hope of deliverance wasn't being realized. Joel 2,3 Amos 9/11-15, Haggai 2/3, Ezek. 3/11-13, Neh. 9/32 These all show a hope of deliverance. Neh.9/32-37 His prayer shows his (their) facing up to reality that the promises were yet to be fulfilled. So their expectation wa…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-05T20:12:18-00:00

Doctrine of the Messiah
type: item
description: Messianic concepts The Immanuel prophecy Is. 7/14 The Background: Israel (Ephraim) and Syria want Ahaz (Judah) to join their rebellion against Assyria. Prophecy of the virgin birth. Various Interpretations a) The virgin was Ahaz wife. The son was Hezekiah. 11Kings 18/2 Ahaz wife name was Abi and the son was Hezekiah. They say Hezekiah fulfilled this prophecy because he delivered Israel from Assyria 11 Kings 16/2, 18/2 When Isaiah gave this prophecy Hezekiah was 9 yrs old so not much of a prophecy to prophesy he had a son 9 yrs ago. b) The virgin is Isaiah's wife and the son Ma-her-shalal-hash-baz. They insist this fits the context of Is. 8. The reasoning is because "conceive" is a participle which has no tense it should read "the Almah is pregnant and have a son". It is present tense so it is Isaiah's wife. - They say vs 16 shows the sign will be fulfilled in Isaiah's time and not the birth of Christ later. - There is a definite article in front of Almah so it must mean someone they knew. - The term Almah doesn't mean virgin but "a girl of marriageable age" There is a Heb word for virgin "Betulah" The miracle then in this view is that Isaiah predicted a boy and not a girl. c) The virgin is a personification of the house of David. The answer to that is there is not a shred of evidence to support it. d) The double fulfillment view. This is held by some conservatives. There is a virgin in Ahaz day who although married is yet a virgin (unconsummated) and will conceive and bare a son. but this is not a virgin birth. This would bring fulfillment as far as Ahaz day is concerned but the immediate fulfillment does not exhaust the prophecy. Its ultimate fulfillment is with the virgin Mary and Jesus. Some prophecy is like that. eg. Hosea 11/1, Matt 2, 11 Sam. 7 This view says that not every detail has to fulfill both ends of the prophecy. e) The absolute Messianic view or exclusive messianic view. This is Freeman's view and conservatives have always believed this. It is entire…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-05T20:24:44-00:00

Doctrine of the Messiah
type: item
description: Messianic concepts The Branch Prophecies Zech. 3/8, 6/9-13 Term: Branch. - Heb. Tsemach Is. 4/2, 11/1, 53/2 some of the terms are a little different but the same idea. Is. 5/1-2f, 6/11-13 these speak of a parable of Israel as a vineyard and only a remnant or root will be left. Is. 11/1 speaks of a branch growing out of that root. Is.53/2 now we understand why a root is coming out of dry ground. Jer. 23/5-6, 33/15-16 Denial of the Messianic reference in Is. 4 They say it is just vegetation he is speaking of Reply: All the references use the same Heb. term for branch and to mean Messiah. It is unlikely Isaiah would use it differently. Jer.23 - the branch is called the king Zech. 3/8 God calls him my servant Is. 4/2 the branch of the Lord Is.11/2 the Spirit of the Lord will rest upon him. Its not a twig Another view is the branch is the nation of Israel Reply: it says the branch is for Israel The Branch in Zech.3 & 6 The critical view is that the branch refers to either Joshua or Zerubabel (Zerrubabal was the governor and Joshua was the high priest in Israel after the exile) Reply: 6/12-13 "Behold the man" that eliminates Zerubabel. Priests cannot be kings and vs/vs Both chap go together - in chap 3 they are being prepared for chap 6 – 3/8 to Joshua and his fellow priests. They didn't have to understand what the sign was. The point is Joshua is being told he is a sign. He knew he wasn't the branch. Critical view: 6/11 - is that the branch refers to either Joshua or Zerubabel. They say crowns refers to Joshua and Zerrubabal but Zerubabels name was dropped from the text. They say 6/13 "between them both" refers to both men and Zerubabel was simply dropped from the text. Reply: Crowns can simply mean a two tiered crown or two different metals like silver and gold. Only one crown was made and it was set on the head of Joshua. All mention of Zerubabel was not included in the text so that such a misunderstanding wouldn't take place. So we would know who Joshua was supposed t…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-05T20:25:16-00:00

Doctrine of the Messiah
type: item
description: Messianic Concepts The Servant prophecy of Isaiah 53 The Nature of the Prophecy It is a transitional prophecy between the OT sacrificial type and the NT lamb of God. It is significant because it is the basis for NT teaching on the atonement. Ps.22, Zech 12/10 speak of his sufferings but Is. 53 is the clear passage The importance of Is. 53 to NT doctrine is seen in Jesus appealing to it right after his resurrection. Luke 24/25-26, Acts 3/18, 26 Acts 8/32-33 Within Isaiah there are 4 servant poems: Isaiah 42/1-9 Isaiah 49/1-9 Isaiah 50/4-9 Isaiah 52/13-53/12 Between Isaiah 40 and 53 servant is referred to 20 times There are two general classifications or interpretations. 1. The servant is Israel or a remnant of it. Between chap 40 & 53 the term servant is applied to Israel on numerous occasions. Until Pentecost the Jews believed Isaiah 53 to be messianic. After Pentecost they applied it to Israel. In the 19th century the critics picked up the Jewish view. Jews and the critics believe the servant is Israel because : a) Is.40-53 calls Israel Gods servant b) Is. 52/13 - 53/12 depicts the substitutionary sufferings of Israel in Babylon. Why? Is. 40/2 Israel suffered and was cleansed and now is Gods servant to the nations. When the nations view Israels double sufferings in the exile it moves the nations to repentance. The biblical view is that Israel was punished for her own sins. Jer. 25/1-10 Jer. 15/1, Ezek.14/14,20 Because of their evil God said he would not honour the prayers of men whose prayers for Israel he honoured before. The picture here is anything but redemptive suffering. The OT substitute had to be holy. The servant is a pious remnant. Some say the servant is a pious remnant within the nation of Israel. eg. The prophetic body in Israel because they always have and always do suffer Some say it is the priesthood as a body. Some say it is a group of Isaiah's disciples. 2. The Servant is an individual Various individuals: Isaiah Acts 8/34 Jeremiah as he got a lot…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-05T20:31:15-00:00

Eschatology
type: item
description: Eschatology Introduction This refers to both national and individual resurrection. The critics play it down believing eternal life to be living on through your descendants. There are supposed to be two different types of eschatology. 1. Revealed eschatology This is the type of end-time prophecy which occurred primarily during the pre-exilic period before foreign domination. The prophet spoke clearly without reference to symbols. eg. Amos 1-2 9/11-15, Is.1 clear understanding 2. Apocalyptic Eschatology This is a revelation of end-time events in cryptic language. There is much symbolism hidden meanings, double meanings, visions etc. eg. Danial, Ezekiel The problem with that is one cannot make any clear distinctions between the two types. eg Joel 2-3, Is.24-26 Both are pre-exilic yet apocalyptic. These two types are not mutually exclusive. The Day of the Lord As Judgment upon Israel A. There are two key time concepts in the OT 1. Looking back to the exodus as time of deliverance when Israels election was revealed Ezek. 20/6 2. The eschatological concept. Looking forward to the end times. Because of her sin and disobedience there would be a day of judgment upon Israel. The gentiles also and the salvation of a remnant. B. The teaching of the prophets All the prophets use the expression "day of the Lord" or "that day" One has to keep in mind there are two time concepts in the prophets. Future judgment upon Israel and the heathen nations End-time judgments on Israel and the nations. Obadiah This was the first prophet to write about it. Joel 2-3 are apocalyptic based upon a national calamity in chap 1. Amos 5/18-20 Is. 7/17-23 Jer. 30/7, 25/33, 46/10 Zephaniah His whole message is the day of the Lord The day of the Lord As Universal Judgment Amos 1/3, 6, 9, 11, 13, 2/1, 2/4 The point here is not just judgment but universal judgment. Isaiah 14, 17, 20 Ezek.30/3f Ezek. 25-32 covers just about every nation of his day Zephaniah - judgment upon the whole world The point here is …
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-05T20:54:39-00:00

The OT Doctrine of the Future Life
type: item
description: The OT Doctrine of the Future Life Introduction: The OT saints didn't have full light but had enough to have hope for a future life. In the OT death had profound spiritual implications. Death is abnormal and unnatural. It comes because of sin. God is in control of death. It doesn't just happen. The sovereign God of the OT shows he has the power of life and death. Death in ending the physical doesn't end existence. The OT shows the nephesh goes to Sheol. In Israel only the Sadducees denied this. The Doctrine of Sheol Sheol - the place of the dead (departed spirits) Qeber -the grave Bar -the pit These words are often confused in the English translations but never in the Heb. Isaiah 38/18 is a poetic use of all three Heb. words. Isaiah 14/15 Ezek 31/14-18, 32/1-32 Bar designates the lower parts of Sheol (the pit) Is. 14/15 shows a distinction between Sheol and the pit which is in Sheol. The wicked are cast into the pit. Some are cast into the deeper regions of the pit. The OT shows some nations were cast into the deeper regions of the pit depending on whether they oppressed Israel or not. Ezek. 32/1823,24 distinctions are made in the pit One of the judgments on Egypt was it would lie with the uncircumcised. Egypt practised circumcision as did Edom. There are various segregation's in the pit. Ps. 88/16 the lowest pit Deut 32/332 the lowest Sheol Prov. 7/27 the chambers of death in Sheol Is. 14/15 , Ezek.32/23 The outermost parts of the pit. Tophet - means a fireplace. From a root word which means to burn. In the OT and NT Tophet was in the valley of Hinnom outside Jerusalem where Moloch worship was conducted. Child sacrifice was practised here 11 Kings 23, Jer. 7/31-33, Jer. 19/4-13, Jer. 23/35 The Heb. word for valley was "Gai" The valley of Hinnom. Belonging to Hinnom was written Gehinnom. Jesus used the word Gehenna (same word) Some apostate Israelite's worshipped Moloch here after the exile It became an accursed place and eventually became the garbage dump. Jesus po…
creator: Mark L
date: 2018-11-05T21:06:19-00:00